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Emotional abuse, if continual, can cause long-term damage to one`s feelings, self-confidence levels and happiness. It is also generally acknowledged that emotional trauma can cause victims to develop both PTSD and C-PTSD.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Narcissistic abuse, however, can leave much more than just emotional damage. According to recent studies, narcissistic abuse can lead to actual brain damage. <\/strong>Narcissistic abuse can happen to anyone and it can come from abusive partners, an abusive partner or employee. The effect is always the same. <\/p>\n\n\n\n But how is physical brain damage involved? \u2014When suffering consistent emotional abuse, victims experience a shrinking of the hippocampus and a swelling of the amygdala; both of these circumstances lead to devastating effects. <\/strong>The hippocampus is crucial in learning and developing memories, while the amygdala is where negative emotions like shame, guilt, fear, and envy come to life.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The hippocampus plays an important role in short-term memory. When it comes to learning, short-term memory retention is the first step. Any piece of information is first stored in short-term memory before being stored as permanent memory or deleted. Which means that the shrinking of the hippocampus, caused by abuse, affects one`s learning abilities. <\/p>\n\n\n\n How does emotional abuse shrink the hippocampus of the brain?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n When we feel stress, our body releases a stress hormone known as cortisol. According to researchers, cortisol attacks the neurons of the hippocampus thus causing it to shrink. Since abuse causes constant stress of high levels, the hippocampus continues to reduce in size. <\/p>\n\n\n\n